Vector Graphics Essay Example for Free

Vector Graphics Essay Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon(s), which are all based on mathematical expressions, to represent images in computer graphics. Vector, in this context, implies more than a straight line. Vector graphics are based on images made up of vectors (also called paths, or strokes) which lead through locations called control points. Each of these points has a definite position on the x and y axes of the work plan. Each point, as well, is a variety of database, including the location of the point in the work space and the direction of the vector (which is what defines the direction of the track). Each track can be assigned a color, a shape, a thickness and also a fill. This does not affect the size of the files in a substantial way because all information resides in the structure; it describes how to draw the vector. Same as object-oriented graphics, refers to software and hardware that use geometrical formulas to represent images. The other method for representing graphical images is through bit maps, in which the image is composed of a pattern of dots. This is sometimes called raster graphics. Programs that enable you to create and manipulate vector graphics are called draw programs, whereas programs that manipulated bit-mapped images are called paint programs. Vector-oriented images are more flexible than bit maps because they can be resized and stretched. In addition, images stored as vectors look better ondevices (monitors and printers) with higher resolution, whereas bit-mapped images always appear the same regardless of a devices resolution. Another advantage of vector graphics is that representations of images often require less memory than bit-mapped images do. Almost all sophisticated graphics systems, including CADD systems andanimation software, use vector graphics. In addition, many printers (PostScriptprinters, for example) use vector graphics. Fonts represented as vectors are called vector fonts, scalable fonts, object-oriented fonts, and outline fonts. Note that most output devices, including dot-matrix printers, laser printers, and display monitors, are raster devices (plotters are the notable exception). This means that all objects, even vector objects, must be translated into bit maps before being output. The difference between vector graphics and raster graphics, therefore, is that vector graphics are not translated into bit maps until the last possible moment, after all sizes and resolutions have been specified. PostScript printers, for example, have a raster image processor (RIP) that performs the translation within the printer. In their vector form, therefore, graphics representations can potentially be output on any device, with any resolution, and at any size. Raster Graphics In computer graphics, a raster graphics image, or bitmap, is a dot matrix data structure representing a generallyrectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium. Raster images are stored in image files with varying formats A bitmap corresponds bit-for-bit with an image displayed on a screen, generally in the same format used for storage in the displays video memory, or maybe as a device-independent bitmap. A bitmap is technically characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels and by the number of bits per pixel (a color depth, which determines the number of colors it can represent). The printing and prepress industries know raster graphics as contones (from continuous tones). The opposite to contones is line work, usually implemented as vector graphics in digital systems. What is the difference between vector and raster graphics? Answer: The difference between vector and raster graphics is that raster graphics are composed of pixels, while vector graphics are composed of paths. A raster graphic, such as a gif or jpeg, is an array of pixels of various colors, which together form an image. A vector graphic, such as an . eps file or Adobe Illustrator? file, is composed of paths, or lines, that are either straight or curved. The data file for a vector image contains the points where the paths start and end, how much the paths curve, and the colors that either border or fill the paths. Because vector graphics are not made of pixels, the images can be scaled to be very large without losing quality. Raster graphics, on the other hand, become blocky, since each pixel increases in size as the image is made larger. This is why logos and other designs are typically created in vector format the quality will look the same on a business card as it will on a billboard. Vector Graphics typically are generated using drawing or illustration programs (e. g. , Adobe Illustrator) and are composed of mathematically-defined geometric shapes—lines, objects and fills. Since vectors entail both magnitude and direction, vector elements thus are comprised of line segments whose length represents magnitude and whose orientation in space represents direction. Vector graphics usually are easily modified within the creating application and generally are not affected detrimentally by scaling (enlarging or reducing their size). Because vector elements are mathematically-defined, scaling simply requires modification of their mathematical locations. However, vector files do not support photographic imagery well and often can be problematic for cross-platform exchange. Vector graphics typically are saved as EPS format. This makes vector graphics ideal for logo design. Creating a vector logo is more difficult but the effort pays for itself when the vector logo file is sent to printers or sign makers etc. The vector logo can be scaled up or down with out losing quality and would enable smooth transition between various media. Raster Graphic Images are produced by digital image capture devices: digital scanners or digital cameras, or by pixel editing programs (e. g. , Adobe Photoshop). Raster images are composed of a matrix (grid) or bitmap of digital picture elements (pixels). Pixels are squares or rectangles described as black, white, gray or color. Raster images typically are saved as TIFF format, but can be saved as EPS as well. Whereas conversion from vector to raster is easily accomplished, raster conversion to vector is much more difficult (and often is not possible). Raster images typically are easily shared across various platforms, but can be more difficult than vector graphics to modify. As well, raster graphics are impacted by scaling. Creating a raster logo design using Adobe Photoshop might be ideal for web only usage but if you are serious about branding, then the resulting raster PSD logo file will be of limited use. When sent to a printer or sign maker and when they try to scale the raster logo, the quality deteriorates and pixellation occurs. Yes, agreed, creating the raster logo design in Photoshop would enable a designer to pile on stunning effects (such as drop shadows, beveling, blurring etc). But the final deliverable will have limited uses.

Womens Sinister Roles in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

Women's Sinister Roles in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   In reading Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbeth, one meets only one good woman - Lady Macduff. The remaining female characters are basically evil. Let's consider mainly Lady Macduff and only briefly the three witches.    Blanche Coles states in Shakespeare's Four Giants that Macbeth's wife had considerable leverage over her husband's mind:    This was her opportunity to do as she had promised herself she would do after she had read the letter - to pour her spirits into his ear, to chasten with the valor of her tongue all that might impede him from the golden crown. We may be sure she took this opportunity to use all her monstrous powers of persuasion. Thus he goaded himself, or was goaded by his wife, into searing the terrible oath, whether he had any clear purpose of keeping it or not. (48-49)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson mentions the very wife-like manner in which the queen fulfilled her essential role in the tragedy:    It requires an extraordinary exertion of will and persuasion from Lady Macbeth to strengthen his wavering purpose. Professor Kittredge used to point out to his classes that Lady Macbeth, in urging Macbeth to act, uses the three arguments that every wife, some time or other, uses to every husband: "You promised me you'd do it!" "You'd do it if you loved me!" "If I were a man, I'd do it myself!" But Macbeth's mind is made up by her assurance that they may do it safely by fixing the guilt upon Duncan's chamberlains. (72)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows that a lady is the actual driving force in the play:    That Macbeth is being hurried into a premature act by his wife is a point unlikely to escape the most listless member of the audience, but Macbeth comes to regret the instant of fatal delay in murdering Macduff, and draws the moral that    The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it. From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.    That is, in future he will try to attain the successful ruler's spontaneous rhythm of action. (91)    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" describes the unnaturalness in the thoughts and words of the plays dominant female force, Lady Macbeth:

“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth Essay

People can be very imaginative and picture the wildest scenes in their heads. A poem that supports this is â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,† by William Wordsworth. This poem is written from the first person view of the person lying on a couch in the house, using a pleasant and calming tone. The person pictures two main scenes: (1) nature with trees, daffodils, and hills, and (2) space with stars and the Milky Way. William Wordsworth uses figurative language such as personification through out the whole poem to bring the nouns to life. â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† shows how people can doze off easily have no limits to how far their imagination can go. The poet starts off with â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud,† showing that the narrator is dozing off. This shows how easily one’s mind can become off track and dream about something else that is more interesting to the person. Then the poet writes that the cloud â€Å"floats on high o’er vales and hills† giving the narrator a view of nature from above. The narrator sees many things such as â€Å"†¦a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils, beside the lake, beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing in the breeze.† The first stanza itself shows that there are no limits to imagination and how easily one can doze off into dreamland. To add on to the imagination, the poet uses figurative language to help the poem to be more exciting and to give the poem life. For example, â€Å"golden daffodils† or â€Å"sprightly dance† are some figurative language that is in the poem. One very good example of a personification that is used in the poem is â€Å"And then my heart with pleasure fills, and dances with the daffodils,† which tells the reader that the joyous heart of the narrator is dancing with the daffodils. These are just a few figurative speeches that William Wordsworth used to make the poem livelier and pleasant. The poem â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud† is a poem that describes the imagination of people and that there are no limits to imagination. In this poem, the narrator first starts off in earth’s nature, then zooms out to the Milky Way in the universe. All of this imagination occurs on the couch of the narrator’s house. To add on to the imagination, William Wordsworth used figurative language to spice up or make the poem livelier. In conclusion,  people can picture the wildest pictures in their heads, with no limits to imagination.

Great Depression and New Deal Study Guide - 1119 Words

Great Depression and New Deal Study Guide: Events Causes/Effects of the Great Depression: widespread banking failures. The banks invested people’s money in the stock market and created major losses. Goals of the New Deal- three goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform Causes of the Dust Bowl The Bonus Army The Crash of 1929 People Herbert Hoover- was the president at the start of the great depression. He was the republican nominee but he realized later that he had no more he could do. Franklin D. Roosevelt- was the democratic nominee for office against President Hoover; he was known popularly as FDR, a two-term governor of New York and a distant cousin of former President Theodore Roosevelt.†¦show more content†¦The TVA renovated five existing dams and constructed 20 new ones, created thousands of jobs, and provided flood control, hydroelectric power, and other benefits to an impoverish region. | Civilian Conservation Corps- To put young men aged 18 to 25 to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in soil-erosion and flood-control projects. Taught men and women to live independently, thus increasing their self esteem. Almost 3 million young men had passed through the CCC. The CCC paid a small wage of $30 a month with $25 automatically sent home to the worker’s family. It also supplied free food, uniforms and lodging in work camps. | Agricultural Adjustment Act- To raise crop prices by lowering production. Governm ent paid farmers to leave a certain amount of every acre of land unseeded. Government paid cotton grower $200 million to plow under 10 million acres of their crop. Complaints that it was destroying food when people were starving. | Emergency Banking Relief Act- authorized the treasury department to inspect the country’s banks. Those that were sound could reopen at once; those that were insolvent- unable to pay their debts- would remain closed. Those that needed help could receive loans. This revived public confidence in banks. | National Industrial Recovery Act- Was believed to have given the federal government too much control over agriculture and industry. Declared unconstitutional after the fact. TheShow MoreRelatedTeaching Philosophy Is Perennialism: An Opinion Essay1020 Words   |  4 PagesA philosophy provides a framework for thinking and guides professional practice, (p. 219). 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